Contemporary Sources

Abul Fazl, Allami, Ain-i-Akbari, 3 vols. Vol. I translated by H. Blocmann and ed. by D.C. Phillot, Asiatic Society of Bengal (Calcutta, 1939); Vol. II trs. by H.S. Jarret and annotated by Jadunath Sarkar, A.S.B. (Calcutta, 1959); Vol.  III, Jarret and Sarkar (Calcutta, 1948).

Akbar Namah.  Bib.  Ind.  Text, 3 vols.  English trs. by H. Beveridge (Calcutta, 1948).

Abdul Hamid Lahori, Badshahnamah, Bib. Ind., 2 vols. (Calcutta, 1898).  

Afif, Shams Siraj, Tarikh-i-Firoz Shahi, Bib. Ind. (Calcutta, 1890).

Alberuni, Abu Raihan Muhammad, Alberuni’s India, Eng. trs. by Edward C. Sachau, 2 vols., Trubners Oriental Series, Kegan Paul (London, 1910).

Al Biladuri, Futuh-ul-Buldan (Written 9th cent. C.E..) trs. in Elliot and Dowson, Vol. I.

Al Istakhri, Kitab-ul-Aqalim (Written. C.E. 951) trs. in E and D, Vol. I.

Al Masudi, Muruj-ul-Zuhab (Written C.E. 941) trs.  E and D, I.

Al Qalqashindi, Subh-ul-Asha, trs. by Otto Spies, (Aligarh, n.d.)

Amin Qazvini, Badshah Nama, Ms. Raza Library, Rampur.

Amir Khurd, also called Saiyyad Muhammad Kirmani, Siyar-ul-Auliya (Delhi, 1302 H.).

Amir Khusrau, Abul Hasan, Deval Rani (Aligarh, 1917); Tughlaq Namah, ed. Hashim Faridabadi (Aurangabad, 1933); Ghurrat-ul-Kamal, Pub. by Yasin Ali, Delhi.  For Khazain-ul-Futuh see Habib.

Babur, Zahiruddin Muhammad, Baburnamah or Tuzuk-i-Baburi, trs. from Truki by Mrs. A.S. Beveridge, 2 vols., Luzac & Co. (London, 1922).

Badaoni, Abdul Qadir, ibn-i-Muluk Shah, Muntakhab-ut-Tawarikh ed. Ahmad Ali, Bib.  Ind. (Calcutta 1868-69), Eng. trs. by Col. George S.A. Ranking, A.S.B. (Calcutta, 1898).

Baihaqi, Khvaja Abul Fazl, Tarikh-i-Subuktagin (Written C. 1059 C.E.) trs. in E and D, II.

Bakhtawar Khan, Mirat-i-Alam (Written C. 1078H/1666 C.E.) trs. E and D, VII.

Barani, Ziyauddin, Tarikh-i-Firoz Shahi, Bib. Ind. (Calcutta, 1862); Sana-i-Muhammadi, trs. in Medieval India Quarterly, I, pt. III.

Bihamad Khani, Muhammad, Tarikh-i-Muhammadi, Br. Museum Ms., Rotograph copy in Allahabad University Library.

Devalasmriti, published by Anandasrama Sanskrit Series, Poona.  Eng. trs. by M.N. Ray, Journal of the Bihar and Orissa Research Society, 1927.  

Fakhre Mudabbir, Tarikh-i-Fakhruddin Mubarak Shah, ed.  Sir Denison Ross (London, 1927).

Fatawa-i-Alamgiri, Urdu trs.  Nawal Kishore Press, Lucknow.

Ferishtah, Muhammad Qasim Hindu Shah, Gulshan-i-Ibrahimi, also known as Tarikh-i-Ferishtah, Persian text, Nawal Kishore Press (Lucknow, 1865).

Firoz Shah Tughlaq, Fatuhat-i-Firoz Shahi (Aligarh, 1943).

Ibn Battutah, The Rehla of Ibn Battutah, Eng. trs. by Agha Mahdi Husain, Oriental Institute (Baroda, 1953).

Ibn Batoutah’s Voyages ed. C. Defremery and B.R. Sanguinetti (Paris, 1857).

Ibn Haukal, Ashkatal-ul-Bilad (Written 976 C.E.), trs.  E and D, I.

Ibn-ul-Asir, Shaikh Abul Hasan Ali, Kamil-ut-Tawarikh, (Written C. 12th century C.E.) trs. E and D, II.

Idrisi, Nuzhat-ul-Mushtaq (Written 12th century C.E.), trs., E and D, I.

Isami, Khvaja Abdullah Malik., Futuh-us-Salatin, ed. Agha Mahdi Husain, Educational Press (Agra, 1938).

Jamali, Hamid Ibn Fazi Allah, Siyar-ul-Arifin (Delhi, 1311 H).

Kalhana, Rajtarangini, trs.  M.A. Stein (Westminster, 1900).

Kamboh, Muhammad Saleh, Amil Saleh, Bib. Ind., 3 vols. (Calcutta, 1923, 1927, 1939)

Kanz-ul-Mahfuz (Written C. 1150 H.), trs. E and D, VIII.

Khafi Khan, Muhammad Hashim, Muntakhab-ul-Lubab, ed. Kabiruddin Ahmad, Bib. Ind. (Calcutta 1869,1925).

Khan, Ali Muhammad, Mirat-i-Ahmadi trs. by Lokhandwala, Oriental Institute (Baroda, 1965).

Lahori, See Abdul Hamid.

Mir Masum, Tarikh-i-Masumi also called Tarikh-i-Sindh, ed. Daudpota, Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute (Poona, 1938).

Minhaj Siraj Jurjani, Tabqat-i-Nasiri, Bib.  Ind. (Calcutta, 1864) Eng. trs. by Major H.R. Raverty (London, 1881).

Muhammad Aslam, Farhat-un-Nazirin (Written C.E. 1770-71) trs. in E and D, VIII.

Muhammad Sharif Hanafi, Majalis-us-Salatin trs.  E and D, VII.

Mustaad Khan Saqi, Maasir-i-Alamgiri trs. and annotated by Jadunath Sarkar, R.A.S. Bengal (Calcutta, 1947).

Nizamuddin Ahmad, Tabqat-i-Akbari, Bib.  Ind., 3 vols. (Calcutta, 1927-35) and trs. by B. De.

Nurul Haqq.  Zabdut-Tawarikh (Written close of Akbar’s reign) trs.  E and D, VI.

Price, Major David, trs. of Tarikk-i-Salim Shahi under the title of “Memoirs of the Emperor Jahangueir, written by himself” (London, 1829) Indian edition, Bangabasi Press, (Calcutta, 1906).

Qazvini, See Amin.

Ranking, See Badaoni.

Razi, Amin Ahmad, Haft Aqlim, ed.  A.H. Hatley, Abdul Muqtadir, and M. Mahfuzul Haq, Bib, Ind. (Calcutta, 1939).

Reynolds, See Utbi.

Rizqullah Mushtaqi, Waqiat-i-Mushtaqi, Photograph copy of the British Museum Ms. Ad. 11, 633.

Shaikh Abdul Haqq Dehlvi, Akbar-ul-Akhiyar (Delhi, 1309 H).

Shihabuddin Abul Abbas Ahmad, Masalik-ul-Absar fi Mumalik-ul-Amsar (Written C. middle 14th century), trs. in E and D, III and Rizvi, Tughlaq Kalin Bharat.

Sijzi, Amir Hasan, Favaid-ul-Fuad (Delhi, 1856).

Sirat-i-Firoz Shahi, anonymous. Mss. Bankipore and Allahabad University.

Sikandar bin Muhammad, Mirat-i-Sikandari (Bombay, 1308 H) 

Sujan Rai, Khulsat-ut-Tawarikh, ed.  Zafar Hasan (Delhi, 1918).  

Sulaiman Saudagar, trs. from Arabic into Hindi, the narrative of Sulaiman the Merchant by Munshi Mahesh Prasad, Nagari Pracharini Sabha (Kashi, Sam. 1978, C.E. 1921).

Tarikh-i-Salim Shahi, see Price.

Timur, Amir, Mulfuzat-i-Timuri, trs. in E and D, III and Urdu trs.

Tuzuk-i-Jahangiri or Memoirs of Emperor Jahangir, trs. by Rogers and Beveridge, photo reprint (Delhi, 1968).

Utbi, Abu Nasr Muhammad, Kitab-i-Yamini, trs. by James Reynolds (London, 1868) also under Tarikh-i-Yamini in E and D, II.  

Wassaf, Abdullah, Tajziyat-ul-Amsar va Tajriyat-ul-Asar, also called Tarikh-i-Wassaf (Written C. 1327), (Bombay, 1877).

Yahiya Sarhindi, Tarikh-i-Mubarak Shahi, Bib., Ind. (Calcutta, 1931).  

Yazdi, Sharafuddin, Zafar Namah, 2 vols.  Bib., Ind. (Calcutta, 1885-88).  

Zakaria al-Qazvini, Asar-ul-Bilad (Written just after the middle of the 13th century), trs.  E and D, I.

Travellers’ Accounts

Barbosa, Durate, The Book of Duarte Barbosa, 2 vols., Hakluyt Society (London, 1918-21).

Bernier, Francois, Travels in the Mogul Empire, revised by V.A. Smith, Archibald Constable (Oxford, 1934).

Du Jarric, Akbar and the Jesuits, see Payne.

Eden, Richard., The First Book of the Historie of the Discoverie and Conquest of the East Indies by the Portingals (London, 1582), contains trs. of Castanheda’s account.

Finch, William, see Foster.

Foster, W., Early Travels in India (1583-1619), contains narratives of Fitch (pp. 1-47), Mildenhall (pp. 48-59), Hawkins (pp. 60-121), Finch (122-187), Withington (pp. 188-233), Coryat (pp. 234-87) and Terry (pp. 288-322) (London, 1927).

----- English Factories in India (1618-69) 13 vols. (Oxford, 1906-27).  

Hakluyt, Richard, Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques, and Discoveries of the English Nation (Glasgow, 1903-05).

Heber, Reginald, Narrative of a journey through the Upper Provinces of India, second ed., 3 vols., (London, 1828).

Major, R.H, India in the Fifteenth Century (contains extracts from narratives of Nicolo Conti, Santo Stefano etc.), Hakluyt Society (London, 1857).

Mandelslo, Mandelslo’s Travels in Western India by M.S. Commissariat (London, 1931).

Manrique, Travels of Frey Sebastian Manrique, trs. by Eckford Luard, 2 vols., Hakluyt Society (London, 1927).

Manucci, Niccolao, Storia do Mogor Eng. trs. by W. Irvine, 4 vols., John Murray (London, 1906).

Marco Polo, see Yule.

Marshall, John Marshall in India (1668-72) ed.  Shafaat Ahmed Khan (London, 1927).

Payne, C.H., Akbar and the Jesuits, contains in trs. Du Jarric’s account of the Jesuit Missions to the Court of Akbar (London, 1926).

Tavernier, Travels in India, trs. and ed. by V. Ball (London, 1925).  

Thevenot, Indian Travels of Thevenot and Careri, ed. by Surendra Nath Sen (New Delhi, 1949).

Varthema, The Itinerary of Ludovico di Varthema of Bologna ed. by Sir Richard Temple (London, 1928).

Yule, Sir Henry, and H. Cordier, The Book of Ser Marco Polo, 2 vols. (New York, 1903).

Modern Works

Abdul Karim, Social History of the Muslims in Bengal, Asiatic Society of Pakistan (Dacca, 1959).

Abdur Rashid, Shaikh, Najib-ud-daulah, His Life and Times, Cosmopolitan Publishers (Aligarh, 1952).

Ahmad, Nafis, “The Evolution of the Boundaries of East-Pakistan”, in the Oriental Geographer, II, No. 2, July, 1958.

Ahmad Shah, Bijak of Kabir (Hamirpur, 1917).

Arnold, T.W., The Preaching of Islam (Westminster, 1896).

Aziz Ahmad, Studies in Islamic Culture in the Indian Environment (Oxford, 1964).

Beni Prasad, “India in A.C. 1605” in Modern Review, Calcutta, January, 1921.

----- A History of Jahangir, Third ed, The Indian Press (Allahabad, 1940)

Biswas, Satya Krishna, Banshasmriti (Bengali) (Calcutta, 1926).

Bosworth, C.E., The Ghaznavids, Edinburgh University Press (Edinburgh, 1963).

The Cambridge History of India
     Vol. I, Ed. by Raspon, Camb.  University Press, 1922;
     Vol. III, Ed. by Wolseley Haig, Reprint (Delhi, 1958);
     Vol. IV, Ed. by Sir Richard Burn, (Cambridge, 1937);
     Vol. V, Ed. by Dodwell, Reprint, (Delhi, 1963).

Census of India Reports, 1901,1921 and 1931, Vol. 18, United Provinces, Part 2.

Colin Clark, Population Growth and Land Use, Macmillan (New York, 1967).

Crooke, W. Tribes and Castes of North Western Provinces, 4 vols.

Cunha, T.B., Goa’s Freedom Struggle (Bombay, 1967).

Currie, P.M. The Shrine and Cult of Muin-ul-din Chishti of Ajmer, Oxford (Delhi, 1989)

Datta, Jatindra Mohan, “Proportion of Muhammadans in India Through Centuries” in Modern Review, Calcutta, January, 1948.

Davis, Kingsley, The Population of India and Pakistan, Princeton, (New Jersey, 1951).

Day, U.N., Medieval Malwa, Munshiram Manoharlal (Delhi, 1965).

Denison Ross, Islam.

Dorn, Benhard, History of the Afghans, being trs. of the Makhzan-i-Afghana, Oriental Translation Fund (London, 1829).

Eaton, Richard Maxwell, Sufis of Bijapur 1300-1700 (Princeton, 1978).

Elliot, H.M. and J. Dowson, History of India as Told by itsown Historians, 8 vols. (London, 1867-77).

Encyclopaedia Britannica, Eleventh Edition.

Encyclopaedia of Social Sciences, Macmillan, 1949 Reprint.

Fazle Karim, See Rabbi.

Francklin, W., A History of the Reign of Shah-Aulum, first pub., 1798 (Allahabad, 1915).

Fuhrer, and Smith, The Sharqi Architecture of Jaunpur (Calcutta, 1889).

Goyal, “A Survey of Fertility and Family Planning in Western Uttar Pradesh”, Demographic Research Centre, Institute of Economic

Growth, Delhi (Mimeo)

Habib, Mohammad, Sultan Mahmud of Ghaznin (Delhi reprint, 1951).

----- Some Aspects of the Foundation of the Delhi Sultanate, K.M. Ashfaf Memorial Lecture (Delhi, 1966).

----- Khazain-ul-Futuh’s Eng. trs. under the title of Campaigns of Alauddin Khalji (Bombay, 1933).

Habibullah, A.B.M., The Foundation of Muslim Rule in India, Revised ed. (Allahabad, 1961).  First published Lahore, 1945.

Hall, D.C.E., A History of South East Asia, Macmillan & Co. (London, 1955).

Hazard, H.W, Atlas of Islamic History (Princeton, 1954).

Hodivala, S.H., Studies in Indo-Muslim History (Bombay, 1939).

Hughes, T.P., Dictionary of Islam, W.H. Allen & Co. (London, 1885).

Indian Antiquary

Indian Historical Quarterly

Indian History Congress Proceedings

Indian Heritage, Vol. I, Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan (Bombay, 1955).

Ira Mervin Lapidus, Muslim Cities in the Later Middle Ages (Cambridge, Mass, 1967).

Ishwari Prasad, A History of the Quraunah Turks in India, Vol. I, The Indian Press (Allahabad, 1936).

----- Medieval India, fourth impression (Allahabad, 1940).  

Ivanow, W., Brief Survey of Evolution of Ismailism (Bombay, 1942). 

Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal.

Kane., P.V., History of Dharmashastra, 5 vols. (Poona, 1930-58).

Karim, A.K. Nazmul, “Muslim Social Classes of East Pakistan”, in Changing Society in India and Pakistan, University of Dacca (1956).

Kennedy, Melville T., The Chaitanya Movement (Calcutta, 1925).

Khan, Abdul Majid, “Research About Muslim Aristocracy in East Pakistan” in Pierre Bessaignet ed. Social Research in East Pakistan, Asiatic Society of Pakistan (Dacca, 1960).

Kirk, Dudley, “Factors Affecting Muslim Natality” in Olivia Schieffelin ed. Muslim Attitude Towards Family Planning, Demographic Division, The Population Council, Inc. (New York, 1967).

Lach, Donald F., Asia in the Making of Europe, Vol. I, Bks. I and II (Chicago, 1965).

----- Lach Tabels see Appendix.

Lai, K.S., History of the Khaljis, Asia Publishing House (Bombay, 1967) First Pub., 1950.

----- Twilight of the Sultanate, Asia (Bombay, 1963).

---- Studies in Medieval Indian History, Ranjit Publisher (Delhi, 1966).

----- Growth of Muslim Population in Medieval India, Research Publications in Social Sciences (New Delhi, 1973).

----- Early Muslims in India (New Delhi, 1984).

----- The Mughal Harem, Aditya Prakashan, (New Delhi, 1988).  

Lanepoole, Stanely, Medieval India under Muhammadan Rule, First Pub. 1903, T. Fisher Unwin (London, 1926).

Levy, Ruben, The Social Structure of Islam (Cambridge, 1957).

Logan, W., Malabar (Madras, 1951).

Macauliffe, Max Arthur, The Sikh Religion, its Gurus, Sacred Writings and Authors, 6 vols. (Oxford, 1909).

Mahalanbois, P.C., “Distribution of Muslims in the Population of India: 1941” in Sankhya, The Indian Journal of Statistics, Calcutta, Vol.  VII, August, 1945.

Mahdi Husain, Tughluq Dynasty, Thacker, Spink & Co. (Calcutta, 1963).  Majumdar, D.N. and Rao, C.R., Race Elements in Bengal, Asia Publishing House (Bombay, 1970).

Majumdar R.C., “Study of Indian History”, Journal of the Bombay Branch of the Asiatic Society, 1957.

----- (ed.), The Struggle for Empire (Bombay, 1957)

----- (ed.), The Delhi Sultanate (Bombay, 1960).

Mazumdar B.P., The Socio-Economic History of Northern India (Calcutta, 1960)

Misra, S.C., Muslim Communities in Gujarat, Asia Pub.  House (Bombay, 1964).

----- The Rise of Muslim Power in Gujarat, Asia Pub.  House (Bombay, 19.54).

Mitra, R.C., The Decline of Buddhism in India (Visvabharati, 1954).

Modern Cyclopaedia, 8 vols. (London, 1901).

Mujeeb, M., The Indian Muslims, Gerorge Allen and Unwin (London, 1967).

Orme, Robert, A History of the Military Transactions of the British Nation in Indostan, 3 vols., Fourth Edition, (London, 1803).

Qanungo, K.R., Historical Essays (Agra, 1968).

Qureshi, Ishtiaq Hussain., The Muslim Community in the Indo-Pakistan Subcontinent, Monton & Co., ‘S--Gravenhage, 1962.

Rabbi, Dewan Fazle, The Origin of the Muhammadans of Bengal, Thacker, Spink & Co. (Calcutta, 1895).

Ram Copal, Indian Muslims, A Political History (1858-1947), Asia Publishing House, (Bombay, 1959.)

Ram Swarup, Understanding Islam through Hadis, Voice of India, (New Delhi, Reprint 1984).

Rao, R.P., Portuguese Rule in Goa, Asia Pub.  House (Bombay, 1963).

Raverty, H.G., Notes on Afghanistan (London, 1886).  Also see Minhaj under Contemporary Sources.

Report of the Indian Historical Records Commission, Vol.  V, 1923.

Risley, H.H., The Tribes and Castes of Bengal, Bengal Secretariat Press (Calcutta, 1891).

Rizvi, A.A., Muslim Revivalist Movements in Northern India in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries, Agra University (Agra, 1965).

----- Tughlaq Kalin Bharat, Aligarh, Part I, 1956, Part II, 1957.

----- Uttar Timur Kalin Bharat, Part II, (Aligarh, 1959.)

Saran, Parmatma, Resistance of Indian Princes to Turkish Offensive, Sita Ram Kohli Memorial Lectures, Punjabi University (Patiala, 1967).

Sarkar, Jadunath, History of Aurangzeb, 5 vols. (Calcutta 1912-1925).

----- Fall of the Mughal Empire, 4 vols., Third Ed. (Calcutta, 1964).

----- Later Mughals (ed.  Irvine) 2 vols. (Calcutta, 1921-22).

----- History of Bengal, 2 vols., Dacca, 1948.

Sen, D.C., Chaitanya and His Age (Calcutta, 1922).

----- History of Bengali Language and Literature, Calcutta University (Calcutta, 1911).

Sen, Sukumar, Bangla Sahityer Itihasa (Calcutta, 1940).

Sewell, Robert, A Forgotton Empire (Vijayanagar), Publications Division (Delhi, 1962).

Sharma, Sri Ram, The Religious Policy of the Mughal Emperors, Asia Publishing House (Bombay, 1962).

----- Conversion and Re-conversion to Hinduism, D.A.V. College Historical Series, No. 2. n.d.

Sherwani, H.K., Mahmud Gawan, Kitabistan (Allahabad, 1942).

----- The Bahmanis of the Deccan (Hyderabad, n.d.)

Smith, V.A., Akbar the Great Mogul (Delhi, Reprint, 1962).

Tara Chand, Influence of Islam on Indian Culture, The Indian Press (Allahabad, 1946).

Titus, Murray, Islam in India and Pakistan (Calcutta, 1959).

Thronton, Edward, Gazetteer of the Territories under the Government of the East India Co. and of the Native States on the Continent of India, Complied by the authority of the Court of Directors and chiefly from the documents in their possession, 4 vols.  Wm. H. Allen & Co. (London, 1854).

Tripathi, R.P., Some Aspects of Muslim Administration, The Indian Press (Allahabad, 1936).

Wahid Mirza, Life and Times of Amir Khusrau (Calcutta, 1935).

Westcott, Kabir and the Kabir Panth (Cawnpore, 1907).